税务

    目 录

条次

第Ⅰ部 导言

1．简称

2．释义

第Ⅱ部 为防止及控制污染而订立的规例

3．为防止及控制污染而订立的规例

4．与遭扣留的船舶出海有关的刑罚

第Ⅲ部 可能造成污染的海难

5．第Ⅲ部的适用范围

6．海难

7．指示；就不合理损失或损害追讨补偿的权利

8．与第6条有关的罪行

9．送达根据第6条发出的指示

10．执行罚款判令

11．保留诉讼权等

第Ⅳ部 保留、修订及废除

12．保留、修订及废除

附表 （已略去）

本条例对防止及控制船舶造成的污染及其附带或有关事宜作出规定。

〔1991年1月15日〕1991年第14号法律公告

第Ⅰ部 导言

1．简称

本条例可引称为《商船（防止及控制污染）条例》。

2．释义

在本条例中，除文意另有所指外——

“油类”（ｏｉｌ）指各种油类，包括各种油类提炼出的液体，并包括煤焦油；

“香港船舶”（Ｈｏｎｇ Ｋｏｎｇ ｓｈｉｐ）指——

（ａ）在香港注册的船舶；及

（ｂ）根据《船舶及港口管理条例》（第313章）第Ⅳ部须领牌的船只；

“处长”（Ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ）指海事处处长；

“排放”（ｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅ）指自船舶排出，不论是因何导致的，包括泄漏、弃置、溢出、泵出、冒出或排清，但不包括——

（ａ）1972年11月13日在伦敦签订的《防止倾卸废物及其他物品污染海洋公约》所界定的倾卸；或

（ｂ）直接因勘探和开采海床矿产及有关的离岸处理海床矿产作业而排出；或

（ｃ）为进行关于减少或控制污染的合法科学研究而排出；

“控制”（ｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ）包括遏制及减低；

“船”、“船舶”（ｓｈｉｐ）：指在海中操作的各类船只，包括水翼船、汽垫船、可潜航的或浮在水面的船艇，及固定的或可漂移的海洋平台。

第Ⅱ部 为防止及控制污染而订立的规例

3．为防止及控制污染而订立的规例

（1）在本条中——

“公约”（Ｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ）指经由第（2）（ｂ）（ｉｉｉ）款所指的国际协议修改的《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》（包括其议定书、附则及附录》，该公约是1973年11月2日在伦敦签订的《国际海洋污染会议最终议定书》的附件1；

“非油类物质”（ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｏｉｌ）包括任何种类的污水及废物；

“议定书”（Ｐｒｏｔｏｃｏｌ）指与公约有关而经由第（2）（ｂ）（ｉｉｉ）款所指的国际协议修改的议定书（包括其附则），该议定书是1978年2月17日在伦敦签订的《国际油轮安全和防止污染会议最终议定书》的附件2。

（2）总督会同行政局可——

（ａ）订立有关防止或控制来自船舶的油类或非油类物质对海洋或其他水域造成污染的规例；及

（ｂ）订立规例以实施——

（ｉ）公约；

（ｉｉ）议定书；及

（ｉｉｉ）其他与防止或控制来自船舶的油类或非油类物质对海洋或其他水域造成污染有关，而适用于香港的国际协议（不论是否以决议方式订立的），包括修改其他该类协议的协议。

（3）根据本条订立的规例，可订明适用于——

（ａ）在任何地方的香港船舶；及

（ｂ）在香港水域以内的其他船舶。

（4）根据本条订立的规例，可规定该等规例或其中任何条文于规例指明的日期生效，而该日期可较与规例有关的国际协议的生效日期为早。

（5）在不局限第（2）款的一般性的原则下，根据本条订立的规例，可包括对以下事项作出的规定——

（ａ）为规例的目的，在香港或其他地方核准文件、委任验船师、进行检验和检查，及提供其他服务；为该目的发给和认可证明书及订定该等证明书的期限和效力；

（ｂ）备存、携带及检查涉及船上油类或非油类物质的记录簿，及其他涉及该等物品的操作记录；

（ｃ）禁止、规管及控制船舶装卸、装载及排放油类或非油类物质，及订明有关程序；

（ｄ）装载油类或非油类物质的船舶的设计及建造，以及船上的设备及装置；

（ｅ）为实施公约的第Ｉ号议定书中对关于报告涉及有害物质的事件的规定，规定必须报告涉及污染或污染威胁的事件；

（ｆ）就规例有作出规定的检验、检查、证明书、服务或其他事项缴付费用（不论是根据本条例、《商船条例》（第281章）或其他法例订明的）；

（ｇ）把违反规例的行为列为罪行，并订明最高刑罚如下——

（ｉ）犯者如循公诉程序定罪，可处罚款＄5，000，000，如犯者属个人而不是法团，可另处监禁2年；

（ｉｉ）犯者如循简易程序定罪，可处罚款＄500，000；

（ｈ）订明在任何该类违例事件中——

（ｉ）有关船舶的船长及船东均属犯罪；及（由1990年第74号第104（3）条修订）

（ｉｉ）凡违例事件是由另一人的作为或不作为所引致，则该另一人亦属犯罪；

（ｉ）拒绝让相信曾发生任何该类违例事件的船舶进入香港水域；

（ｊ）扣留相信曾发生任何该类违例事件的船舶，并将扣留该船一事及就对该船提起的诉讼，通知有关的领事人员（如有的话）；及

（ｋ）在法律程序中，接受经订明或指明的文件及经核证的文件副本为证据，而所订立的规例可——

（ｉ）对不同情况或就不同级别或种类的船舶作出不同规定；

（ｉｉ）规定不同级别或种类的船舶可免受规例中的任何规定管限；

（ｉｉｉ）对处长批准任何船舶或任何级别或种类的船舶，在他指明的条件下免受规例中的任何规定管限，及对该等豁免的更改和取消事宜作出规定；

（ｉｖ）对处长批准相等的装置、设备或程序，作为经订明的装置、设备或程序以外的选择作出规定；

（ｖ）对可凭借规例行使的权力及可凭借规例执行的职能的转授事宜作出规定；

（ｖｉ）对规例适用于官方的情况作出规定；及

（ｖｉｉ）包括总督会同行政局认为有利于规例的施行的附带、补充及过渡性条文。

（6）根据本条例订明的各项费用——

（ａ）可订在足以收回港口管理开支的水平，而无须因政府或其他主管当局为提供某项服务、设施或物品，所承担或相当可能承担的行政或其他支出的数额而受限制；上述港口管理开支是指政府或其他主管当局在处理香港船舶、香港港口、在香港水域内的船舶及水上交通的管理、规管或控制事务方面，所承担或相当可能承担的一般开支；及

（ｂ）在不影响（ａ）段的一般性的原则下，可按大小不同的船舶（不论是以吨位、长度或其他标准划分），或按不同级别或种类的服务、设施或船舶，订定不同的数额。

4．与遭扣留的船舶出海有关的刑罚

（1）在根据本部订立的规例下授权或命令扣留的船舶，如在遭扣留后或在有关该项扣留的通知或命令送达船长后，未得主管的权力体放行而出海或企图出海，该船的船长即属犯罪，可处罚款＄500，000及监禁2年；如该船的船东、代理人或任何遣送该船出海的人参与该罪行，亦属犯罪，可处同样的惩罚。

（2）凡船舶在违反第（1）款的情况下出海时，载有正在执行职责的公职人员，则该船的船长及船东——

（ａ）除根据第（1）款可判处的惩罚外，均犯了违反本款的罪行，可各处监禁6个月及罚款＄20，000，并可按该船出海之日至该人员返回香港之日期间的日数，每日另处罚款＄1，000，如该人员不是直接返回香港，则该段期间计至如他取道最快的可行路线便已返回香港之日；及

（ｂ）对一切因载该人员出海及确使他返回香港而须付予政府的开支，负共同及各别的法律责任。

（3）第（2）（ｂ）款所提及的开支均可一如由裁判司判处的罚款般追讨。

（由1990年第74号第104（3）条修订）

第Ⅲ部 可能造成污染的海难

5．第Ⅲ部的适用范围

（1）除在第（2）及（3）款另外规定的情况下，本部适用于香港水域内外所有船舶。

（2）对于——

（ａ）不是香港船舶的船舶；及

（ｂ）当时正在香港水域以外的船舶，

第6（2）条赋予总督可发出指示的权力，只可就以下的人行使——

（ｉ）英国公民、英国属土公民、英国海外公民或《1986年香港（英国国籍）令》（附录Ⅲ，ＥＧ1页）下的英国国民（海外）；或

（ｉｉ）根据香港法律成立的法团，

而第8（2）条亦只适用于以上的人。

（3）根据第6（2）条发出的指示，不适用于任何隶属女皇辖下海军的船只，亦不适用于虽不是女皇辖下海军一部分但属女皇所有的、由他人代表英皇英国政府或英皇香港政府保有的、由他人为英皇英国政府或英皇香港政府的利益保有的船舶；而对该等船只或船舶，亦不能根据第6（4）或（5）条采取行动。

6．海难

（1）凡有以下情况，本条所赋予的权力便可行使——

（ａ）船舶遭遇意外或船上发生意外；及

（ｂ）总督认为——

（ｉ）来自该船的油类或非油类物质将会或可能在香港或香港水域内造成大规模污染；

（ｉｉ）（如该船是第5（2）条所指的船舶）造成污染的危险很大及很逼切；及

（ｉｉｉ）急需行使本条所赋予的权力。

（2）为防止或减低污染，或为防止或减低造成污染的危险，总督可就船舶或船上货物向以下的人发出指示——

（ａ）该船的船东或任何据有或控制该船的人；或（由1990年第74号第104（3）条修订）

（ｂ）该船的船长；或

（ｃ）任何据有该船的救助人员或其雇员或代理人，而同时是有关救助行动的负责人的。

（3）根据第（2）款发出的指示，可规定获发指示的人须采取或不得采取任何性质的行动；而在不局限上文的一般性的原则下，该等指示可规定——

（ａ）须将或不得将该船——

（ｉ）移至或移离指明地方、地区或地点；

（ｉｉ）移入指明航道；或

（ｂ）须将或不得将油类或其他货物卸下或排放；或

（ｃ）须采取或不得采取指明的救助措施。

（4）如总督认为第（2）款赋予的权力不足以或已证实不足以达到该款的目的，则为防止或减低污染，或为防止或减低造成污染的危险，可就该船或船上货物采取任何性质的行动；而在不局限上文的一般性的原则下，总督可——

（ａ）做任何他有权根据第（2）款发出指示规定他人须做的事；

（ｂ）安排进行弄沉或摧毁该船或其他任何部分的行动，该等行动须不是他可向其发给上述指示的人所能进行的；

（ｃ）安排进行涉及接管该船的行动。

（5）第（4）款赋予总督的权力，可由获总督特为该等事项而授权的人行使。

（6）遵从根据本条发出的指示的人，或根据本条采取行动的人，均须尽力避免危及人命。

（7）本条各项规定并不减损或影响政府在本条以外拥有的权利或权力（不论是否根据国际法而拥有的）。

（8）凡根据指示（指根据第（2）款所发的）或第（4）或（5）款，而对遭拘禁的船舶或该船所载货物采取的行动——

（ａ）均不构成藐视法庭罪；及

（ｂ）不得构成起诉政府的诉讼根据或诉讼理由。

（9）在本条中——

“非油类物质”（ａｎｙ ｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅ ｏｔｈｅｒ ｔｈａｎ ｏｉｌ）指

——

（ａ）在根据第（10）款所发命令中指明的物质；及

（ｂ）可能危害人类健康、损害生物资源及海洋生物、破坏舒适环境或干扰其他合法使用海洋的活动的其他物质；

“指明”（ｓｐｅｃｉｆｉｅｄ）就根据第（2）款发出的指示来说，指在该指示中指明；

“意外”（ａｃｃｉｄｅｎｔ）包括失去船舶、搁浅、弃船或船舶受损。

（10）总督可借在宪报刊登的命令，就第（9）款的“非油类物质”定义指明任何物质。

7．指示：就不合理损失或损害追讨补偿的权利

（1）如根据指示（指根据第6（2）条发出的）或第6（4）或（5）条采取的行动——

（ａ）对防止或减低污染，或对防止或减低造成污染的危险，按情理并不是必需的；或

（ｂ）所带来或相当可能带来的益处还少于因该行动而承担的开支或蒙受的损害，

则因该行动而承担开支或蒙受损害的人，或因亲自采取该行动而承担开支或蒙受损害的人，有权向政府追讨补偿。

（2）在要确定第（1）款是否适用于某一个案时，须考虑——

（ａ）假使没有采取该行动，便会造成的污染程度及产生的污染危险；

（ｂ）该行动奏效的可能性；及

（ｃ）该行动所引致的损害程度。

（3）本条所指的采取行动，包括遵从不得采取某些指明行动的指示。

8．与第6条有关的罪行

（1）任何人获发根据第6（2）条发出的指示，而不遵从该指示内的任何规定，即属犯罪。

（2）任何人故意阻挠——

（ａ）就发给或送达根据第6（2）条发出的指示的事宜代表总督行事的人；

（ｂ）遵从根据该条所发指示行事的人；或

（ｃ）根据该条第（4）、（5）款行事的人，

即属犯罪。

（3）在就第（1）款下的罪行提起的诉讼中，被告可证明——

（ａ）他已尽了一切应尽的努力确使指示得以遵从；或

（ｂ）他有合理理由相信遵从该指示会牵涉到严重的危害人命的危险，作为免责辩护。

（4）犯本条所定的罪行的人——

（ａ）如循公诉程序定罪，可处罚款＄5，000，000；

（ｂ）如循简易程序定罪，可处罚款＄500，000。

9．送达根据第6条发出的指示

（1）如总督信纳一间公司或其他法团不在《公司条例》（第32章）第338或356条的适用范围内，因而不可授权根据上述其中一条将指示送达该团体，则可用以下方式根据第6（2）条向该团体发出指示——

（ａ）如该团体是船东，或据有或控制船舶的人，则将指示送达该船船长；或

（由1990年第74号第104（3）条修订）

（ｂ）如团体是海难救助者，则将指示送达该救助行动的负责人。

（2）代表总督行事的人有权登船，以将根据第6（2）条发出的指示交给或送达船上的人。

10．执行罚款判令

凡法庭或裁判司在检控船东或船长犯本部所定的罪行的诉讼中判处罚款，而该笔罚款在法庭或裁判司所命令的时间仍未缴付，有关法庭或有关裁判司除有其他用以执行罚款判令的权力外，亦有权指示扣押及出售该船及其设备，以征收未付的款项。

（由1990年第74号第104（3）条修订）

11．保留诉讼权等

在符合《释义及通则条例》（第1章）第83条的规限下，本部内容不影响由其他条例施加或根据其他条例施加的限制，亦不减损不是根据本条例提起的诉讼中的诉讼权或其他民事或刑事法律补救。

第Ⅳ部 保留、修订及废除

12．保留、修订及废除

（1）附表第1部第2栏所指明的规例中的条文，而在该部第3栏开列的，现按该部第4栏开列的方式及范围修订，而该等规例经修订后——

（ａ）不受第（3）款下的废除影响而维持有效；及

（ｂ）为所有目的，均须视为由总督会同行政局根据第3条订立的。

（2）——（3）（已略去）

附表〔第12条〕（已略去）

MERCHANT SHIPPING (PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION) ORDINANCE

(CHAPTER 413)

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS

Section

PART I PRELIMINARY1. Short title2. Interpretation

PART II REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION3. Regulations for the prevention and control of pollution4. Penalty for taking detained ship to sea

PART III SHIPPING CASUALTIES INVOLVING A RISK OF POLLUTION5. Application of Part III6. Shipping casualties7. Directions; right to recover in respect of unreasonable loss or damage8. Offences in relation to section 69. Service of directions under section 610. Enforcement of fines11. Saving of rights of action, etc.

PART IV SAVINGS, AMENDMENTS AND REPEALS12. Savings, amendments and repeals

Schedule. (Omitted)

An Ordinance to provide for the prevention and control of pollution fromships and for incidental or related matters.[15 January 1991] L. N. 14 of 1991

PART I PRELIMINARY

1. Short titleThis Ordinance may be cited as the Merchant Shipping (Prevention andControl of Pollution) Ordinance.2. InterpretationIn this Ordinance, unless the context otherwise requires--"control" includes contain and reduce;"Director" means the Director of Marine;"discharge" means any release, howsoever caused, from a ship and includesany escape, disposal, spilling, leaking, pumping, emitting or emptying;but does not include--(a) dumping within the meaning of the Convention on the Prevention ofMarine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter signed in London on13 November 1972; or(b) any release directly arising from the exploration, exploitation andassociated off-shore processing of sea-bed mineral resources; or(c) any release for the purposes of legitimate scientific research intopollution abatement or control;"Hong Kong ship" means--(a) a ship registered in Hong Kong; and(b) a vessel required to be licensed under Part IV of the Shipping andPort Control Ordinance (Cap. 313);"oil" means oil of any description and includes spirit produced from oilof any description and also includes coal tar;"ship" means a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the marineenvironment and includes a hydrofoil, hovercraft, submersible or floatingcraft and a fixed or floating platform.

PART II REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF POLLUTION

3. Regulations for the prevention and control of pollution(1) In this section--"Convention" means the International Convention for the Prevention ofPollution from Ships (including its protocols, annexes and appendices)which constitutes Attachment 1 to the Final Act of the InternationalConference on Marine Pollution signed in London on 2 November 1973, asmodified by any international agreement referred to in subsection (2) (b)(iii);"Protocol" means the Protocol (including the annex thereto) relating tothe Convention which constitutes Attachment 2 to the Final Act of theInternational Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention signedin London on 17 February 1978, as modified by any international agreementreferredto in subsection (2) (b) (iii); "substance other than oil"includes sewage and garbage of any kind.(2) The Governor in Council may make regulations--(a) relating to the prevention or control of pollution of the sea or otherwaters by oil, or any substance other than oil, from ships; and(b) for giving effect to--(i) the Convention;(ii) the Protocol; and(iii) any other international agreement (whether made by resolution orotherwise) which relates to the prevention or control of pollution of thesea or other waters by oil, or any substance other than oil, from shipsand which applies to Hong Kong, including any agreement which modifies anyother such agreement.(3) Regulations made under this section may be expressed to apply--(a) to Hong Kong ships, wherever they may be; and(b) to other ships while they are within the waters of Hong Kong.

(4) Regulations made under this section may provide that the regulations,or any provisions thereof, shall come into force on a date specified inthe regulations which is earlier than the date on which the internationalagreement to which the regulations relate comes into force.(5) Without limiting the generality of subsection (2), regulations madeunder this section may include provisions--(a) for the approval of documents, the appointmentof surveyors, thecarrying out of surveys and inspections and the rendering of otherservices for the purposes of the regulations, whether inHong Kong orelsewhere, and for the issue, duration, effect and recognition ofcertificates for those purposes;(b) for the keeping, carriage and inspection of record books and otherrecords of operations involving oil, or any substance other than oil, onboard ships;(c) for the prohibition, regulation and control of the loading andcarriage on board ships, and the unloading or discharge from ships, of oilor any substance other than oil and for procedures relating thereto;(d) for the design and construction of, and the equipment and fittings onboard, ships carrying oil or any substance other than oil;(e) for the compulsory reporting of incidents involving pollution or thethreat of pollution for the purpose of giving effect to Protocol I(provisions concerning reports on incidents involving harmful substances)to the Convention;(f) for the payment of fees (whether prescribed under this Ordinance, theMerchant Shipping Ordinance (Cap. 281) or otherwise) in respect of anysurvey, inspection, certificate, service or other matter provided for bythe regulations;(g) that contraventions of the regulations shall be offences punishable bypenalties not exceeding--(i) on conviction upon indictment, a fine of $5,000,000 and, in the caseof an individual, imprisonment for 2 years;(ii) on summary conviction, a fine of $500,000;(h) that in thecase of any such contravention an offence is committed by-(i) the master and the owner of the ship concerned; and(ii) where the contravention is due to the act or omission of anotherperson, that person;(i) for denying entry of any ship to the waters of Hong Kong in respect ofwhich any such contravention is believed to have occurred;(j) for detaining any ship in respect of which any such contravention isbelieved to have occurred and for notifying the relevant consular officer(if any) of the detention and of any proceedings against the ship; and(k) for the admission of prescribed or specified documents and certifiedcopies of documents as evidence in legal proceedings,and the regulations may--(i) make different provisions for different circumstances or in relationto different classes or descriptions of ships;(ii) provide for exemptions from any provisions of the regulations inrespect of different classes or descriptions of ships;(iii) provide for the granting by the Director, on such terms (if any) ashe may specify, of exemptions from any provisions of the regulations inrespect of any ship, or class or description of ships, and for thealteration or cancellation of any such exemption;(iv) provide for the approval by the Director of equivalent fittings,equipment or procedures as alternatives to those prescribed;(v) provide for the delegation of powers exercisable and functionsperformable by virtue of the regulations;(vi) provide for the application of the regulations to the Crown; and(vii) include such incidental, supplemental and transitional provisions asappear to the Governor in Council to be expedient for the purposes of theregulations.

(6) Any fees prescribed under this Ordinance--(a) may be fixed at levels which provide for the recovery of expenditureincurred or likely to be incurred by the Government or other authority inrelation generally to the administration, regulation and control of HongKong ships and of ports, ships and navigation in the waters of Hong Kong,and shall not be limited by reference to the amount of administrative orother costs incurred or likely to beincurred in the provision of anyparticular service, facility or matter; and(b) may, without prejudice to the generality of paragraph (a), be fixed atdifferent amounts in relation to different sizes of ship, whether measuredby tonnage, length or otherwise, or in relation to different classes,types or descriptions of service, facility or ship.

4. Penalty for taking detained ship to sea(1) Where a ship is authorized or ordered to be detained under regulationsmade under this Part, and after such detention or after service on themaster of any notice of or order for such detention, the ship proceeds orattempts to proceed to sea before having been released by a competentauthority, the master of the ship commits an offence and is liable to afine of $500,000 and to imprisonment for2 years; and if the owner oragent or any person who sends the ship to sea is party or privy to theoffence he also commits an offence and is liable to the same punishment.(2) Where a ship proceeds to sea in contravention of subsection (1) whilsthaving on board a public officer who is acting in the execution of hisduty, the master and owner of the ship--(a) in addition to any punishment to which they may be liable undersubsection (1), both commit an offence against this subsection and areeach liable to imprisonment for 6 months and to a fine of $20,000 and anadditional fine of $1,000 for each day during the period from the date onwhich the ship proceeded to sea until the date on which the officerreturns to Hong Kong or, ifhe does not return directly to Hong Kong,would have returned if he had travelled by the quickest practicable route;and(b) are jointly and severallyliable to pay to the Government all expensesincidental to the taking of the officer to sea and to securing his returnto Hong Kong.(3) Expenses referredto in subsection (2) (b) may be recovered as if theywere a fine imposed by a magistrate.

PART III SHIPPING CASUALTIES INVOLVING A RISK OF POLLUTION

5. Application of Part III(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), this Part shall apply in relationto all ships whether within or outside the waters of Hong Kong.(2) As respects a ship which--(a) is not a Hong Kong ship; and(b) is for the time being outside the waters of Hong Kong,the power conferred on the governor by section 6 (2) to give directionsmay only be exercised in relation to--(i) an individual who is a British citizen, a British DependentTerritories citizen, a British Overseas citizen or who under the Hong Kong(British Nationality) Order 1986 (App. III, p. EG1) is a British National(Overseas); or(ii) a body corporate which is established under the laws of Hong Kong,and section 8 (2) shall apply to such an individual or body corporateonly.(3) No direction under section 6 (2) shall apply to any vessel of HerMajesty's navy or to any ship not forming part of Her Majesty's navy whichbelongs to Her Majesty or is held by any person on behalf of or for thebenefit of the Crown in right of Her Majesty's Government in the UnitedKingdom or Her Majesty's Government in Hong Kong, and no action shall betaken under section 6 (4) or (5) as respects any such vessel or ship.

6. Shipping casualties(1) The powers conferred by this section may be exercised where--(a) an accident has occurred to or in a ship; and(b) in theopinion of the Governor--(i) oil, or any substance other than oil, from the ship will or may causepollution on a large scale in Hong Kong or in the waters of Hong Kong;(ii) if the ship is one referred to in section 5 (2), the danger ofpollution is grave and imminent; and(iii) the exercise of the powers conferred by this section is urgentlyneeded.(2) For the purpose of preventing or reducing pollution, or the risk ofpollution, the Governor may give directions as respects the ship or itscargo--(a) to the owner of the ship, or to any person in possession or control ofthe ship; or(b) to themaster of the ship; or(c) to any salvor in possession of the ship, or to any person who is theservant or agent of any such salvor, and who is in charge of the relevantsalvage operation.(3) Directions under subsection (2) may require the person to whom theyare given to take, or refrain from taking, any action of any kindwhatsoever, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing thedirections may require--(a) that the ship is to be, or is not to be, moved--(i) to or from a specified place, area or locality;(ii) over a specified route; or(b) that any oil or other cargo is to be, or is not to be, unloaded ordischarged; or(c) that specified salvage measures are to be, or are not to be, taken.(4) If in the opinion of the Governorthe powers conferred by subsection(2) are, or have proved to be, inadequate for the purpose, the Governormay, for the purpose of preventing or reducing pollution, or the risk ofpollution, take, as respects the ship or its cargo, any action of any kindwhatsoever, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing theGovernor may--(a) do anything he has power to require to be done by a direction undersubsection (2);(b) cause operations to be undertaken for the sinking or destruction ofthe ship, or any part of it, of a kind which is not within the means ofany person to whom he may givesuch a direction;(c) cause operations to be undertaken which involve taking over control ofthe ship.(5) The powers of the Governor under subsection (4) may also be exercisedby such persons as may be authorized in that behalf by the Governor.(6) A person concerned in complying with directions given, orin actiontaken, under this section shall use his best endeavours to avoid risk tohuman life.(7) Nothing in this section shall derogate from or affect any right orpower of the Government existing apart from this section whether underinternational law or otherwise.

(8) Any action taken as respects a ship which is under arrest or asrespects the cargo of such a ship, being action taken under a directiongiven under subsection (2), or under subsection (4) or (5)--(a) does not constitute contempt of court; and(b) shall not constitute a ground or cause ofaction in legal proceedingsinstituted against the Government.(9) In this section--"accident" includes the loss, stranding, abandonment of or damage to aship; "any substance other than oil" means--(a) any substance specified in an order made under subsection (10); and(b) any other substance which isliable to create a hazard to humanhealth, to harm living resources and marine life, to damage amenities orto interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea;"specified", in relation to a direction under subsection (2), meansspecified in the direction.(10) The Governor may, by order published in the Gazette, specify anysubstance for the purposes of the definition of "any substance other thanoil" in subsection (9).

7. Directions; right to recover in respect of unreasonable loss or damage(1) If any action taken under a direction under section 6 (2), or undersection 6 (4) or (5)--(a) was not reasonably necessary to prevent or reduce pollution or, as maybe appropriate, the risk of pollution; or(b) was suchthat the good it did or was likely to do wasdisproportionately less than the expense incurred, or damage suffered, asa result of the action,aperson incurring expense or suffering damage as a result of the action,or of himself having taken the action, shall be entitled to claim andrecover compensation from the Government.(2) In determining whether subsection (1) applies in a particular case,account shall be taken of--(a) the extent and risk of pollution if the action had not been taken;(b) the likelihood of the action being effective; and(c) the extent of the damage which has been caused by the action.(3) Any reference in this section to the taking of any action includes areference to a compliance with a direction not to take some specifiedaction.8. Offences in relation to section 6(1) A person to whom a direction is given under section 6 (2) who fails tocomply with any requirement of the direction, commits an offence.(2) A person who wilfully obstructs any person who is--(a) acting on behalf of the Governor in connection with the giving orservice of a direction under section 6 (2);(b) acting in compliance with such a direction; or(c) acting under subsection (4) or (5) of that section,commits an offence.(3) In proceedings for an offence under subsection (1), it shall be adefence for the accused to prove that--(a) he used all due diligence to secure compliance with the direction; or(b) he had reasonable cause for believing that such compliance would haveinvolved a serious risk to human life.(4) A person who commits an offence under this section is liable--(a) on conviction upon indictment, to a fine of $5,000,000;(b) on summary conviction, to a fine of $500,000.9. Service of directions under section 6(1) If the Governor is satisfied that a company or other body corporate isnot one to which section 338 or 356 of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32)applies so as to authorize the service of a direction on that body undereither of those sections, he may give a direction under section 6 (2)--(a) to that body, as the owner of, or the person in possession or controlof, a ship, by serving the direction on the master of the ship; or(b) to that body, as a salvor, by serving the direction on the person incharge of the salvage operations.(2) For the purpose of giving or serving a direction under section 6 (2)to or on any person on a ship, a person acting on behalf of the Governorshall have the right to go on board the ship.

10. Enforcement of finesWhere a fine imposed in proceedings against the owner or master of a shipfor an offence under this Part is not paid at the time ordered by thecourt or magistrate, the court or magistrate, as the case may be, shall,in addition to any other powers for enforcing payment, have power todirect the amount remaining unpaid to be levied by distress and sale ofthe ship and its equipment.11. Saving of rights of action,etc.Subject to section 83 of the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance(Cap. 1), nothing in this Part shall affect any restriction imposed by orunder any other Ordinance or shall derogate from any right of action orother remedy (whether civil or criminal) in proceedings institutedotherwise than under this Ordinance.

PART IV SAVINGS, AMENDMENTS AND REPEALS

12. Savings, amendments and repeals(1) The regulations specified in column 2 of Part I of the Schedule asamended, in the provisions set out incolumn 3 of that Part, to the extentand in the manner set out in column 4 of that Part--(a) shall, notwithstanding the repeals under subsection (3), continue inoperation; and(b) shall be deemed for all purposes to have been made by the Governor inCouncil under section 3.(2)--(3) (Omitted)

SCHEDULE [s. 12] (Omitted)